- Cisco unified border element
- session border controller, SIP trunk termination (≈ MPLS CE)
- SIP trunk: ≈ TDM circuit for PSTN, over IP
- translates between SIP and H.323
- transcoding
- codec filtering
- hides internal address ≈ proxy, back-to-back user agent (B2BUA)
- DTMF
- music on hold (MOH)